Similarities And Differences In Walls And Pelzers Styles - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1193 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/06/10 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: The Glass Castle Essay Did you like this example? Two childhoods, both plagued by hardships, suffering, alcoholic and neglecting parentsthis was how Jeannette Walls and David Pelzer grew up. Their familial situations are only different in that Walls parents were forgivable because they had good intentions and tried their best despite their addictions and financial situations, whereas Pelzerrs parents are seemingly unforgivableone parent was a sadist and abusive mother, while the other left the family and never stood up for his son. This essay will examine the similarities and differences in the styles that Walls and Pelzer recount their unusual, and painful, childhoods. Identify and then compare and contrast the central arguments of both works The central argument of The Glass Castle revolves around the the theme of unconditional love. As the Walls family moved from the dessert to West Virginia, Jeannette began to understand that her life wasnt a never-ending, fun adventure. When the Walls family switched to a sedentary lifestyle, both of her parentrs carefree mentalities caused serious damage that consumed the whole family. Jeannette suffered from extreme poverty, bullying, and having to be held accountable to feed her siblings. Though she is anxious to get away from her parents and the circumstances they have made her suffer through, Walls still loves them and never blamed them for anything. When her parents followed her and her siblings to New York and became homeless, the reader sees that she loves them enough to want to help them better their living conditions. She never turns her back on them, though she definitely has enough reasons to do so. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Similarities And Differences In Walls And Pelzers Styles" essay for you Create order Unlike The Glass Castle, A Child Called It is not a story of a familyrs unconditional love. The central arguments of A Child Called It try to show readers how a parent can become abusive and how the human spirit can prevail. Pelzer himself states that these are his objectives for writing the memoir in the afterword. Unlike Walls The Glass Castle, Pelzer does not write his memoir to show his parents any forgiveness. His mother was his abuser, and his father was a coward that didnt stand up for his own son. He holds no sentiment for his childhood, save for the few years before his abuse. But instead, Pelzer wishes to tell his experience to show how the human spirit can conquer and survive all as long as it stays strong. Compare and contrast the styles of writing that each author utilizes Both Pelzer and Walls wanted to use a type of language and word choice in their works that their characters would have used when when they were young to create the effect that the reader was actually reading his/her thoughts at that particular time. Both use descriptive, but simple, word-choice. Wallrs writing style is narrative, developing very complex characters: Her own family. She even used first-person narration and dialogue to show their point of view. All of the books chapters are consecutive, therefore the story development is very clear and easy to follow. The books syntax uses long sentences with ideas separated by commas (not run-on sentences, but long enough to hold plenty of information). The tone in the book is personal and reflective, as her own reasoning is the bridge between the events in her life and her family and her own actions. Walls uses a mixture of informal diction, with a tad of slang diction for characterrs words like skeddadle and big ol since those were phrases that were actually used by her family. Walls possibly did this to bring authenticity to her work. Pelzerrs overall writing style is fairly easy to follow. His diction/language level is generally casual and simple since the story is from his point of view as a childalso narrative like Walls. Pelzer does not use many sophisticated words, and his use of techniques such as figurative language are limited. His writing style is very straightforward and to the point. He does very little to develop his characters, like his mother. All the audience knows is that his motherrs attitude made a 360 change from loving mother to child abuser. She is antagonized throughout the entire memoir without much explanation as to why she abused David like she did. The difference in writing styles and sophistication maybe be due to each personrs background. A Child Called It was Pelzerrs first book, and he was an amatuer writer. On the other hand, Walls had been writing for a long time, being that she was a writer. Analyze and compare and contrast the evidence and techniques each author uses The Glass Castle is mainly divided in two parts: Walls early childhood in the desert and her time in Welch, West Virginia. Walls writes is by using imagery, personification, and detail. Most of the imagery used took place when she was living in the desert, as she often compared herself to object in nature: We were sort of like the cactus. We ate irregularly, and when we did, wed gorge ourselves (p.22), however, these literary devices stopped when she moved to Welch, since she no longer had the element of wild nature to draw from. She uses long and complex sentences with detailed descriptions of events and places, often using several descriptive adjectives in one sentence. Since this is a memoir, she opts to relay messages by using quotes and diction. Walls includes a lot of dialogue combined with her actual thoughts create an overall feel of authenticity. Though he is not a sophisticated writer, throughout the book Pelzer does notably implement the literary techniques of tone/mood, motif, allusion, and imagery to illustrate the horrors he faced as an abused child. Take a look at this excerpt, in which most of the mentioned literary elements are exemplified: At night I no longer dreamed, nor did I let my imagination work during the day. The once vibrant escapes of watching myself fly through the clouds in bright blue costumes, were now a thing of the past. When I fell asleep, my soul became consumed in a black void (p. 77). The tone here is defeated and gloomy, creating a jaded and depressed mood. The reader feels how beaten down young David feels, how defeated his spirit is. The imagery adds to this mood by describing how his dreams were once vibrant and of him being a superhero, to becoming a black void. The recurring motif here is the image of superheroes. Throughout the book, young David compares himself to Superman as a way to cope and keep himself motivated to outsmart and survive his motherrs torments. In one scene, David describes in [his] dream, [he] flew through the air in vivid colors [and] wore a cape of red [He] was Superman (p. 59). This allusion, or reference, to Superman, a character of strength and resilience, is what keeps young David determined to live. Evaluate the arguments of each text as a whole. Each author tells their own story of a childhood in an untraditional, even dangerous, household, and how they each found their escape in hopes of a better life. In the end, both characters accomplished their goal of having a separate adult life from their family. However,

Animals Are Not Accorded Equal Rights - 1521 Words

Human and animal rights have been a major discussion topic among most news reporters in the recent past. The contagious issue has however been why animals are not accorded equal rights as humans. Philosopher Kant argues in his theory that human have the ultimate right and freedom, and life is very valuable. Utilitarianism says that humans should focus more on doing what produces happiness at all times. Religious ethics demand that humans consider rights and freedom of all creature before making decisions. The natural right theory states that every creature has a natural right and freedom to live and do all that helps them in development and growth. Kantian theory, natural rights theory, utilitarianism and religious ethics have all pointed to the fact that doing something to create happiness to the maximum is sometimes ethically wrong (Magee 23). Philosophers like Kant have argued this on the basis that keeping the animals in zoos or captivity is unethical and contravenes their rights. It is also against the animal’s natural right of freedom. Animals be they domestic or wild should be accorded the freedom they deserve of being allowed to roam and move freely at all times. Philosopher Fran’s de Waal in the origin of human and animal’s rights and wrongs argues that certain acts of animals portrays the animals reasoning and hence warrants that these animals be accorded their freedom. He outlines examples of generous animal acts like a gorilla sacrificing to help his wounded mateShow MoreRelatedAnimal Rights and Laws2472 Words   |  10 Pages Animal Rights The world has existed with the presence of both living and non-living matter. Human beings have been accorded the right of protection and preservation of the environment, where the animals belong. In essence, humanity is all about coexisting with animals and plants, together with the other non-living matter. 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Communicating Agricultural Sciences Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Communicating Agricultural Sciences. Answer: A Literature review Integrated Pest Management: Sophisticated approach towards reduction of chemical use in Cotton crop The emerging technologies in pest management of cotton crops as a part of the integrated pest management or IPM have significantly influenced chemical usage. Pretty and Bharucha (2015) argued that the IPM is not just the resource conserving technology. When compared to other forms IMP is the sustainable intensification that increases the natural, human and social capital by preventing the crop, pest, weeds and disease. The sophisticated approach to grow cotton crops without chemicals reduces the use of the pesticides by 50%. Chemicals such as mercury, calcium arsenate, copper arsenite, and others are no more required in the agro ecosystem. The author highlighted the use of alternative methods such as biopesticides and insecticides to cotton crop. The results showed increase in yields with reduction in chemicals to cotton crops although complex. On the other hand the chemicals use reduction is significant. However, the author also presented the drawback of reducing chemical use such a s evolution of pests, diseases and weeds. The study is limited as it focuses in other crops other than cotton. The results were supported by the survey of Wilson et al. (2018) that highlighted incorporation of the IPM in Australian industry. It is attributed to sophisticated approach called production of the Bt cotton. In this approach the, the cotton crop is injected with the genome of the Bacillus thurengienesis to prevent damage by insect toxins. It significantly decreased the use of the of insecticide active ingredient spread per hectare. Thus this approach of using the pest ecology/ biology is advantageous as year round approach. This approach is useful against resistant Helicoverpa spp. larvae in Bt cotton. Reducing the chemical use and replacing with this approach has resulted in the increase in environmental and economic gains. This system has well evolved since 50 years in Australia owing to the flexibility of the sophisticated approach. The limitations of the approach are focus only in Australian industry. In the book by Luttrell et al. (2015) reduction in chemical use by sophisticated approach as part of the IPM, is discussed. The author presented the advancement in the arthropod control technologies, crop management system and improved insect management system. This process reduces the arthropod damage to the cotton crops. It drastically decreases the insecticidal control of several key cotton pests. Greatest advancement being the Bt cotton in US. This is in alignment with the results of Wilson et al. (2018), however, it focused more on the adaptive capacity of the arthropods and spatial scales of management. This approach to reduce the chemicals have remarkable reduced the arthropod damage. Unlike the above cross section survey studies, Krishna and Qaim (2012) emphasised the long term effects of the reduced chemical use for cotton crops and the advantage of the Bt cotton. The data on sustainability was a literature gap and omitted by this study. This study collected data from the pa nel survey of cotton farmers in India. The Bt use significantly reduced the applications of pesticides by non-Bt farmers. The results coincided with the above results. However, it contradicted the results by Wilson et al. (2018) that considered that the Bt approach would become obsolete. The data is however limited due to small farmer setting. The study by Downes et al. (2017) gave evidence to the Wilson et al. (2018) argument that the Bt cotton approach has challenges. In this study, the findings highlighted the resistance of Helicoverpa armigera in Australian to DDT with use of broad spectrum insecticide. Despite various rotating chemistries and the use of modified chemical sprays the resistance continued, until genetically modified crops augmented IPM. The results imply that the resistance management is vital for genetically modified cotton crops. Another study by Benbrook (2012), also gave similar evidence. In the herbicide-resistant weed management system, to mitigate the spread of glyphosate-resistant weeds, there is an increasing amount of the herbicide use. This increase reduced the insecticide use onBtcrops. The results were also supported by another meta-analysis by Klmper and Qaim (2014). The results of the study concluded that genetically modified technology adoption reduces the chemical use by 37% and increase s the crop yields by 22%. This technology also increases the farmers profit by 68%. When compared to the herbicide-tolerant crops, insect-resistant cropsshowedincreased yield gains and reduction of chemicals both in the developing and developed countries. Although the original studies does not show sample size and variance measured it is useful to increase the public trust in the technology. This study eliminated the gap created by Wilson et al. (2018) and Luttrell et al. (2015) that focused on single countries. Studies from different countries showed efficacy of the transgenic Bt cotton approach in reducing the chemical use in the cotton crops. Countries like Australia, US and other developed countries have demonstrated the successful adoption to the sophisticated approach as a part of IPM There is a literature gap in the factors preventing the adoption to alternate to chemicals in pest management. The gap in the literature was covered by the survey conducted by Khan and Damalas (2015). The results showed that half of the farmers in the Punjab in Pakistan were forced to use pesticides for cotton crops. The main determinants were lack of education, lack of environmentally sound pest control methods. The increased availability of the chemical and the poor government regulation system were other barriers ion adoption of sophisticated approach to reduce chemical in cotton crops. The study implies for strong government policies and regulation system. The results align with that of Khan and Damal as (2015). It highlighted that the cotton farmers had less knowledge of the pesticide safety issues and thus relied on the chemical method. The results implied the farmers education and training to create awareness of natural enemies of cotton pests. Similar study on farmers perspective in Iran revealed that adoption of sophisticated approach of biological control could be enhanced by recognising the negative effects of chemicals (Abdollahzadeh et al., 2015). References Abdollahzadeh, G., Sharifzadeh, M.S. and Damalas, C.A., 2015. Perceptions of the beneficial and harmful effects of pesticides among Iranian rice farmers influence the adoption of biological control.Crop Protection,75, pp.124-131. Benbrook, C.M., 2012. Impacts of genetically engineered crops on pesticide use in the US--the first sixteen years.Environmental Sciences Europe,24(1), p.24. Downes, S., Kriticos, D., Parry, H., Paull, C., Schellhorn, N. and Zalucki, M.P., 2017. A perspective on management of Helicoverpa armigera: transgenic Bt cotton, IPM, and landscapes.Pest management science,73(3), pp.485-492. Khan, M. and Damalas, C.A., 2015. Factors preventing the adoption of alternatives to chemical pest control among Pakistani cotton farmers.International Journal of pest management,61(1), pp.9-16. Khan, M. and Damalas, C.A., 2015. Farmers' knowledge about common pests and pesticide safety in conventional cotton production in Pakistan.Crop Protection,77, pp.45-51. Klmper, W. and Qaim, M., 2014. A meta-analysis of the impacts of genetically modified crops.PloS one,9(11), p.e111629. Krishna, V.V. and Qaim, M., 2012. Bt cotton and sustainability of pesticide reductions in India.Agricultural Systems,107, pp.47-55. Luttrell, R.G., Teague, T.G. and Brewer, M.J., 2015. Cotton insect pest management.Cotton, (agronmonogr57), pp.509-546. Pretty, J. and Bharucha, Z.P., 2015. Integrated pest management for sustainable intensification of agriculture in Asia and Africa.Insects,6(1), pp.152-182. Wilson, L.J., Whitehouse, M.E. and Herron, G.A., 2018. The Management of Insect Pests in Australian Cotton: An Evolving Story.Annual review of entomology,63(1).

Reverse Logistics at the Planning

Reverse logistics is the course of planning, controlling and implementing the course of stock and finished products from the manufacturer, distributer or through the use of point to point recovery or disposal point (Spicer Johnson, 2004).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Reverse Logistics at the Planning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Products recall, wrong deliveries, commercial returns, warranties, refurbishment, repairs and end-of life returns are few of the many examples of reverse logistics faced by companies. Though undervalued, reverse logistics is part of supply chain management that has currently gained much attention due to its direct impact on company’s margins and corporate image in terms of corporate social responsibility. Operational factors European Union (EU) Legislation European countries are producing approximately1.4 Billion tons of waste products, which are dangerous (Guid Van, 2001) . These directives require the manufacturers of products to bear the bigger part of product disposal costs for a sound environment analysis (Owen, 1993). The goal of these directives is to encourage the manufacture of environmentally friendly products (Owen, 1993). Installation of the necessary reverse logistics systems is not amongst the competence of the producers but requires a third party for implementation. Examples of the European directives include end of life vehicles (ELV) Directive 2000/53/EC, Battery Directive 2006/66/EC and WEEE Directive 2002/96/EC. However, these directives are not binding laws to the member states, but act as guidelines within which they have to comply. It is the responsibility of the European Union member states to transpose and implement the EU legislation into national laws to be followed by all members.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The ELV Directive In Europe, around 9 million tons of waste is produced by ELVs. However, used cars have many parts that can be recycled which include oil, plastic parts, filter and batteries. Notably, 75% of ELVs are recyclable (Spicer Johnson, 2004). Important to note is that portion of each end of life vehicle is recyclable, and thus minimizes its environmental impact. The ELV Directive came into force in October 2000, with an aim of achieving environmentally friendly transport. The WEEE Directive According to Fiksel (1996), this rule imposes financial and physical responsibility for establishing effective methods of disposal and collection of electronic waste. The directives state that companies should establish an infrastructure for collecting WEEE. The Battery Directive This rule has two main purposes, which include reduction of hazardous materials used in batteries and enhancing recycling and collection of batteries. It also aims at achieving optimum collecting and recycling quo ta for all used batteries (Bellmann Khare, 2000) Customer characteristics The top companies find it very crucial to leverage their reverse logistics capabilities. Many of them use reverse logistics capacity as a promotion strategy. The intention is to make their customers satisfied with their services and products before, during, and after the original delivery. In addition, it is the duty of the manufacturer to ensure that goods are available to the consumer in the required quantities. Also, they ensure that the reverse logistics systems are properly functioning, for example, in case of any product defects; it can easily be channeled back to the manufacturer for problem fixing (Vlachos Dekker 2003).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Reverse Logistics at the Planning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Volume to weight ratio – Medium All cargo space involved in transportation of goods bears physical limits. Traditionally, weight has been used for costing individual packs. The difference between volume and weight costs can be considered, for example, when transporting large volumes with little weight (Vlachos Dekker 2003). Value to weight ratio – Low Throughout the history, seas have been helpful to people as a means of transportation. With the rise of air travel, sea transport is left to shorter distances. With respect to value of goods and weight capacity, the sea transport in most occasions is used to either transport low cost and bulky products, or high value heavy weight products. Supply Chain Flow Supply chain is the process of running the flow of materials and transportation of finished goods, from the vendors to the intended consumers using the available facilities and warehouses as possible intermediate stops. Transport Mode characteristics Cost economies The ability to move goods quickly, safely and cost effectively to the markets is essential to international traders, as well as national distributors of goods and economic developers (Stock, Speh Shear, 2002). Availability The EU continues to advocate for efficient use of infrastructure through elimination of both commercial and operational barriers that obstruct access to infrastructure.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Speed Effective communication on freight oriented networks prevents barriers that could otherwise arise, hence, avoiding unnecessary complexities that could lead to unnecessary delays. As such, the transport is always fast and meets the customer’s expectations. Double handling Double handling is the process where the products on transit pass through one means of transport to the other. Getting customers closer to the available means of transport helps avoid double handling cases which lead to unnecessary costs. Consignment Factors Type of Cargo/ Quantity When shipping goods, it is always important to choose the appropriate mode of transport. The decision on the means of transport depends on careful evaluation of business needs and comparison of the benefits of each method (Meade Sarki, 2002). Priority/ Distance Choice of the appropriate form of transport is heavily dependent on distance, nature of items on transit, budget, geographic location of the products’ destinat ion, and schedules that must be adhered to. Cost and Service Requirements Speed of Delivery For products that require quick delivery over long distances, air voyage is the most expedient mode, whereas load transport can be used in case of shorter distances. However, sea transport is convenient for those products that are transported over long distances, but are not very urgent. Slow steaming If ships reduce their speed, they can as well reduce their carbon emissions and save billions in ship fuel bills. Service Reliability Sea transport is the cheapest of the three standard modes of transport. Its cargo unit cost per kilometer is typically the lowest one (Bellmann Khare, 1999). Sea shipment sets specific conditions for packaging. The speed of product delivery is also essential to consider as well as the bulkiness of the load. Conclusion The demand for reverse logistics is driven by two key factors; first, companies have started to realize the economic value of sound return manageme nt, and secondly, legal environment developments require manufacturers to take full responsibility for products over their entire life cycle. Online retailing coupled with shorter product life cycles, have increased pressure to build strong capabilities in this area, or to some extent outsourcing handling of reverse logistics flow. Different firms have a number of opportunities for improving the way they manage their returns, for example, by improving their business processes through sophisticated software, changing their organization, or even outsourcing the whole process. Smart company’s executives will be looking to capture the value locked within the reverse supply chain. References Bellmann, K, Khare, A 1999, ‘European response to issues in recycling car plastics.’ Technovation, vol. 19, no.12, pp. 721-34. Bellmann, K, Khare, A 2000, ‘Economic issues in recycling end-of-life vehicles.’ Technovation, vol. 20, no. 12, pp. 677-90. Fiksel, J 1996, ‘Achieving eco-efficiency trough design for environment. ’ Journal on Total Quality Environment Management, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 47-54. Guid, D, Van, L 2001, ‘Managing product returns for remanufacturing. ’ Production and Operations Management, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 142–155. Meade, L. , Sarkis, J 2002, ‘A conceptual model for selecting and evaluating third-party reverse logistics providers. ’ An International Journal, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 283- 95. Owen, J.V. (1993), conscious manufacturing.’ Manufacturing Engineering, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 44-55. Spicer, A, Johnson, MR 2004,‘Third-party de-manufacturing as a solution for extended producer responsibility.’ Journal of Cleaner Production, vol.12, no. 5, pp. 37-45. Stock, J, Speh, T. Shear, H 2002, ‘product returns.’ Harvard BusinessReview, 80 (7), pp. 16-8. Vlachos, D, Dekker, R 2003, ‘Return handling options and order quantities for single period product s.’ European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 151, no. 1, pp. 38-52. This essay on Reverse Logistics at the Planning was written and submitted by user Randall Mccray to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.